At many Igbo traditional weddings, a group of women sits together and watches the proceedings closely. They are the umuada, daughters born into the groom’s or bride’s lineage, many of whom have married into other families. They have a recognised voice in family matters, and a wise couple makes sure they are honoured.
Who the umuada are
The umuada are women born into a particular extended family or lineage. Even after marrying and moving away, they remain members of their birth family and are called upon for important events. The umuada play roles in mediating disputes, supporting family members and participating in ceremonies such as funerals and marriages. Their opinions carry weight in family decisions.
The umuada work alongside the umunna, the men of the lineage. Together they represent the extended family in negotiations and ceremonies.
Their part in the marriage
When a family is approached about a marriage, the umuada may be consulted. At some stage of the traditional rites, they may receive gifts or items set aside for them. Lists given to the groom’s family often include items or money for the umuada. Honouring this part of the list shows respect. At the wine-carrying ceremony, the umuada are often visible participants, dancing, singing and welcoming guests.
Welcoming the bride and changing roles
In the groom’s family, the umuada may play a role in receiving the new wife and introducing her to family traditions. Couples are often advised to build good relations with the umuada on both sides. Neglecting them can cause friction. In cities and the diaspora, the umuada’s role may be smaller, but many families still involve them in key ceremonies.
Customs differ between Igbo communities, so ask elders about local practice. The umuada are especially important at funerals, where they have specific duties.
Asking elders and dress
If you are unsure what the umuada expect, ask an elder in the family. Many families have a senior woman who can explain the customs and help the couple prepare the right items and greetings for the ceremony. The umuada often wear matching attire at major ceremonies. Igbo weddings are full of moving parts. The women who were born into the family and still return for every important event are among the people couples should never overlook.
