The drinks come first. Before anything else is discussed, the groom’s family presents bottles of schnapps to the bride’s family, announcing why they have come. This simple act begins a process that, in Fante communities along Ghana’s Central Region coast, ends with two families joined and a couple married in the eyes of their people. Fante traditional marriage shares much with other Akan customs, but towns such as Cape Coast, Elmina, Winneba and Saltpond each add their own character.
The Fante and the knocking
The Fante are an Akan people living mainly along the coast of the Central Region and parts of the Western Region. Like other Akan groups, they trace descent through the mother’s line, known as the abusua. The process begins with the knocking ceremony, when the groom’s family visits the bride’s family with drinks to formally introduce themselves and state their intention.
The bride’s family may take time to consider the request, consulting elders and sometimes making enquiries about the groom’s family background.
The list and the head drink
The bride’s family gives the groom’s family a list of items for the marriage ceremony. Lists usually include drinks, cloth, jewellery, a Bible, items for the bride’s mother and father, and money. An important item is the head drink, or tiri nsa, which seals the marriage. Accepting it signals the family’s consent. Because of the importance of the maternal family, gifts for the bride’s mother and maternal relatives are especially significant.
On the day, family spokespersons lead the proceedings. Items are presented and checked, the bride is brought out and asked whether she accepts, and prayers and blessings follow.
Attire, music and food
Couples often wear kente or matching fabrics. Fante brides may wear beads and traditional hairstyles. Fante celebrations often include highlife and traditional drumming. Asafo groups may perform in some towns. Guests may be served local dishes such as fante kenkey and fish, alongside jollof and other party foods. Customs vary between towns and families, so couples should ask elders about local expectations.
Ask the bride’s family for the list early, so the groom’s family has time to buy every item properly. A Fante marriage begins with a few bottles of schnapps at the door. By the time it ends, two families have spoken through their elders, and the abusua has gained a new member.
